পিএইচপি কী

আস্সালামু ওয়ালাইকুম । ওয়াল্ড টিউন্স থেকে আজ আপনাদের নিকট পিএইচপি নিয়ে হাজির হয়েছি । আমি আজু জাফর মোহাম্মদ সালেহ ।

পিএইচপি কী ?

পিএইচপি একটি প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ যা মুলত ওয়েব ডেভেলপমেন্টের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয় । প্রথমে একটি তৈরি করা হয়েছিল পার্সোনাল হোমপেজ তৈরি করার জন্য কিছু ম্যাক্রো হিসেবে। সে কারণে পিএইচপির প্রথম নাম ছিল Personal Home Page । পরে এটি বিবর্তিত হয়েছে এবং এর সাথে শক্তিশালী বৈশিষ্ট্য যোগ হয়েছে । এখন এটি একটি পুর্নাঙ্গ প্রোগ্রামিং ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ যার মাধ্যমে Database বিত্তক Web Application সহজেই তৈরি করা যায়।

পিএইচপির ইতিহাস:

১৯৯৪ সালে পিএইচপির জন্ম ওয়েব পাবলিশিং ম্যাক্রো হিসেবে । এটি তৈরি করেছিলেন Rasmus Leodorf এসব ম্যাক্রো ছাড়া ঞযেছিল পার্সোনাল হোম পেজ টুল্স হিসেবে । এরপর এসব ম্যাক্রোর সাথে আরেকটি প্যাকেজ ফরম ইন্টারপ্রেটার (F1) যোগে করা হয়। তখন পিএইচপির নাম হয় PHP/F1 তখনই পিএইচপি অনেকের দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করতে শুরু করে। কারণ PHP/F1 তখন ওয়েব পেইজ তৈরি ও ফরম প্রসেসিঙের জন্য বেশ কিছু সুবিধা দিত । ডেভেলপারদের দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ শুরু করলে ১৯৯৭ সাল থেকে ডেভেলপারদের এক গ্রুপ এটির উন্নয়নের জন্য কাজ করতে শুরু করে ।

সমন্বিত প্রচেষ্টার ফল হিসেবে জন্ম নেয় PHP3 । এটি আসলে PHP/F1 এর পুনলিখন । এতে অনেক নূতন ফিচার যোগ করা হয় এবং ব্যবহারের সিনট্যাক্সও বদলানো হয়। এতে পার্সার তৈরি করে Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, যারা পরে Zend অপটিমাইজার ও Zend Studio নামে PHP Integrated Development environment তৈরি করে । PHP3 তখন থেকে একটি শক্তিশালী সার্ভারসাইড Scripting Language হিসেবে বিবেচিত হতে থাকে।

এপাচি ওয়েব সার্ভার ও MySQL Database সার্ভারের সমর্থন পিএইচপির গ্রহণযোগ্যতা বহুগুনে বাড়িয়ে দেয়। এপাচি এখণ বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে ব্যবহৃত Web Server । পিএইচপিকে এপাচির মড্যুল হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা যায়। MySQL Database Server এখন ওয়েবে বহুল ব্যবহৃত ডাটাবেজ । এপাচি, MySQL and PHP একসাথে দুর্দান্ত পারফরম্যান্স দিয়ে থাকে । এর মানে কেবল যে এপাচি ও MySQL এর সাথেই পিএইচপি ব্যবহার করা যায় তা নয় । প্রায় সকল Operating System ওয়েব সার্ভারের সাথে এবং বিভিন্ন ধরনের ডাটাবেজ সার্ভারের সাথে পিএইচপি ব্যবহার করা যায়। পিএইচপির জনপ্রিয়তা বাড়ার সাথে সাথে ওয়েব পাবলিশিঙের ধরণো পাল্টে গেছে । ১৯৯০ এর মাঝামাঝি সময়ে হাজার হাজার HTML Page নিয়ে বড় সাইট গড়ে তোলাই ছিল সাধারণ অভ্যেস। কিন্তু পিএইচপ ও MySQL এর কারণে এখন বড় ধরনের ওয়েব সাইট বেশিরভাগই গড়ে উঠছে ডাইনামিক কনটেন্ট নিয়ে । এই ধরনের ওয়েব সাইটে ডাটাবেজে থাকে সকল কনটেন্ট আর পিএইচপি ব্যবহার করে তৈরি করা হয় ওয়েব সাইট ইঞ্জিন। ইউজার রিকোয়েস্টের উপর ভিত্তি করে নির্ধারিত কনটেন্ট প্রদর্শিত হয় ব্রাউজারে।

আজ আর না এখানেই সমাপ্ত করলাম আশা করি উপকৃত হবেন ।

Read More

World Great Leader Nelson Mandelas Famous Quote

Nelson Mandela

1. There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires.

2. Our struggle for freedom and justice was a collective effort. It is in your hands to create a better world for all who live in it.
Out of the experience of an extraordinary. 

3. human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud.

4. We understand it still that freedom. we know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world.

5. To deny People their human rights is to challenge their very humanity, to impose on them a wretched life of hunger and deprivation is to dehumanize them. But such has been the terrible fate of all black persons in our country under the system of apartheid.

4. People may say to spend 27 years in prison you have wasted your life. But the greatest thing for a politician is whether the ideas to which you have committed your life are still alive, whether these ideas are likely to triumph in the end, and everything that happened showed that we have not sacrificed in vain.

7. What a sweet euphemism for self-praise the English language has evolved.

8. I came to accept that I have no right whatsoever to judge others in terms of my own customs, however much I may be proud of such customs.

9. Only armchair politicians are immune from committing mistakes. Errors are inherent in political action.

10. Until I was jailed I never fully appreciated the capacity of memory, the endless string of information the head can carry.

Read More

Creating a contact form for your website

Here is a ‘ready to use’ form that you can simply plug-in to your web site. All that you have to do is to download the code below, update the code to include your email, and attach form to your web site. You can easily customize the form for your needs. The code is 100% validated XHTML1.0 strict.




$mailto = 'destination email id' ;

$formurl = "from email id" ;


// -------------------- END OF CONFIGURABLE SECTION ---------------

$subject = $_POST['thesubject'] ;

$message = $_POST['themessage'] ;

$name = $_POST['name'] ;

$address = $_POST['address'] ;

$city = $_POST['city'] ;

$state = $_POST['state'] ;

$postalcode = $_POST['postalcode'] ;

$country = $_POST['country'] ;

$email = $_POST['email'] ;

$phone = $_POST['phone'] ;

$phone1 = $_POST['phone1'] ;

$http_referrer = getenv( "HTTP_REFERER" );

if (!isset($_POST['email'])) {

header( "Location: $formurl" );

exit ;

}

$thankyouurl='thanx.php';//page where redirect after mail contact form successfully

$messageproper =





"This message was sent from:\n" .

"$http_referrer\n" .

"------------------------- COMMENTS -------------------------\n\n" .

" Subjet : $thesubject\n\n Message : $themessage\n\n Name : $name\n Address : $address\n City :$city\n State : $state\n Postal Code: $postalcode\n\n Phone : $phone, $phone1\n Country : $country\n\n Email : $email\n";

"\n\n------------------------------------------------------------\n" ;


mail($mailto, $subject, $messageproper, "From: \"$Name\" <$email>\nReply-To: \"$name\" <$email>\nX-Mailer: chfeedback.php 2.01" );

header( "Location: $thankyouurl" );

exit ;


?>
---------------------------------------

HTML CODE




Here is a 'ready to use' form that you can simply plug-in to your web site. All that you have to do is to download the code below, update the code to include your email, and attach form to your web site. You can easily customize the form for your needs. The code is 100% validated XHTML1.0 strict.




$mailto = 'destination email id' ;

$formurl = "from email id" ;


// -------------------- END OF CONFIGURABLE SECTION ---------------

$subject = $_POST['thesubject'] ;

$message = $_POST['themessage'] ;

$name = $_POST['name'] ;

$address = $_POST['address'] ;

$city = $_POST['city'] ;

$state = $_POST['state'] ;

$postalcode = $_POST['postalcode'] ;

$country = $_POST['country'] ;

$email = $_POST['email'] ;

$phone = $_POST['phone'] ;

$phone1 = $_POST['phone1'] ;

$http_referrer = getenv( "HTTP_REFERER" );

if (!isset($_POST['email'])) {

header( "Location: $formurl" );

exit ;

}

$thankyouurl='thanx.php';//page where redirect after mail contact form successfully

$messageproper =





"This message was sent from:\n" .

"$http_referrer\n" .

"------------------------- COMMENTS -------------------------\n\n" .

" Subjet : $thesubject\n\n Message : $themessage\n\n Name : $name\n Address : $address\n City :$city\n State : $state\n Postal Code: $postalcode\n\n Phone : $phone, $phone1\n Country : $country\n\n Email : $email\n";

"\n\n------------------------------------------------------------\n" ;


mail($mailto, $subject, $messageproper, "From: \"$Name\" <$email>\nReply-To: \"$name\" <$email>\nX-Mailer: chfeedback.php 2.01" );

header( "Location: $thankyouurl" );

exit ;


?>
---------------------------------------

HTML CODE

< form id="form1" method="post" action="mailSend.php" >

< table border="1" cellspacing="5" >
< tr >
< td colspan="2">
< h3>
Send a Enquiry< / h3>
< /td >
< tr >
< td >
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="hidden" id="ToEMail" name="ToEMail" value="contact@victoriamortgagebrokers.com.au" />

<  input type="hidden" id="thanksPage" name="thanksPage" value="http://victoriamortgagebrokers.com.au/Thanks.html" />
< /td >
< tr >
< td >
Name
< /td >
< td >
<  input type ="text" id="txtName" name="txtName" /  >
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Contact No.
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtPhone" name="txtPhone" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
e-mail ID
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtEmail" name="txtEmail" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Suburb.
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtsuburb" name="txtSuburb" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Post Code
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtpostCode" name="txtPostCode" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Home Telephone< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtHomePhone" name="txtHomePhone" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Office Telephone< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtofficePhone" name="txtOfficePhone" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Mobile
< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtmobile" name="txtmobile" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
Looking For< /td >
< td >
<  input type="text" id="txtlookingfor" name="txtlookingfor" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td valign="top" >
Comments
< /td >
< td >
< textarea id="txtComments" name="txtComments" >< /textarea>
< /td >
< /tr >
< tr >
< td >
< /td >
< td align="right" >
<  input id="Button1" type="submit" value="Send" />
< /td >
< /tr >
< /table>
< /form>

Read More

What is SEO

If you are Looking for SEO Leads from social media, then use Google Plus Search to Hunt them by searching with:

{"we are "|"they are "|"they're "} {{"looking for"|"searching for"|seeking}|"can anyone" recommend}} SEO

Question:
Cloaking is a controversial SEO technique. What does it involve?

a. Increasing the keyword density on the web pages
b. Offering a different set of web pages to the search engines
e. Hiding the keywords within the webpage
d. Creating multiple pages and hiding them from the website visitors


Which of the following is an ethical SEO Technique?

a. Creating a subdomain with the hottest keyword and creating duplicate copies of existing pages on it
b. Filling your pages with keywords, whether relevant to the page content or not
c. Creating a page which serves a different content to the search engine bots and different to human users
d. None of the above


Question:
Which of the following statements about Google's technical and quality guidelines is true?

a. It is advantageous if your web server supports the If-Modified-Since HTTP header
b. If using dynamic pages, it helps to keep the parameters short and the number of them few
c. Avoid using robots.txt to prevent crawling of search results pages or other auto-generated pages, even if they don't add much value for users coming from search engines
d. Submitting new pages of your website at http://www.google.com/addurl.html as soon as they are online, helps to speed up indexing



What does the term Keyword Prominence refer to?

a. It refers to the fact that the importance of choosing high traffic keywords leads to the best return on investment
b. It refers to the importance attached to getting the right keyword density
c. It refers to the fact that the keywords placed in important parts of a webpage are given priority by the search engines
d. It refers to the fact that the keywords in bold font are given priority by the search engines


Question:
Which of the following website design guidelines have been recommended by Google?

a. Having a clear hierarchy and text links
b. Every page should be reachable from at least one static text link
c. If the site map is larger than 100 or so links, you should break the site map into separate pages
d. Keeping the links on a given page to a reasonable number (fewer than 100)
e. Use less than 30 images or graphics per page

Read More

Computer Education

Use System Restore

System Restore in Windows XP might not have been the greatest tool, but since Windows Vista came around, it's been an excellent choice for fixing up all sorts of problems, including issues that cause your system to not boot anymore. While testing, I once deleted a bunch of files in system 32 to purposely cause a blue screen of death, and then used System Restore to get the system up and running again in minutes. If you're unfamiliar with the process, you can follow this step-by-step guide to restoring your PC with System Restore.

Read More

Disk Defragment System.

Step 1

To defragment your Computer Click Start Menu, after click programs, click Accessories, click system Tools, and than click Disk Defragmenter Defragment Now select Drive after click any dive and then click defragment.

2.  The Windows Disk Defragmenter program will open and all drives are listed in the top window pane.  Since the program is going to be arranging files on your hard drive, it is important that no files are being accessed during the process, or the program won't be able to move them.  Close all open programs. 

3.  The C: drive is where operating system files and programs are installed by default, so make sure that it is selected, then click Defragment. While the program is running, it is recommend that you not use your computer. The time is takes to run the defragmenting process is dependent on the size of your hard drive and amount of fragmentation. 

While the program is running you will see a graphical representation of the blocks of files on your hard drive being moved and the fragmented segments joined together.  Usually the less gaps of free space between the contiguous segments the better, but as long as the fragmented files are put together into contiguous segments, it will help your computer's performance.  

4.  Once the process is complete, the graphic should display most of the contiguous files on the left and the majority of the free space on the right. Close the Disk Defragmenter window and resume using your computer.

Read More

Life of the Development.

Computer software is the common education, But it is very hard working. who man that man known C+, ASP.net. C# etc, He could make  software, As with most undertakings, planning is an important factor in determining the success or failure of any software project. Essentially, good project planning will eliminate many of the mistakes that would otherwise be made, and reduce the overall time required to complete the project. As a rule of thumb, the more complex the problem is, the more thorough the planning process must be. Most computer professional software developers plan a software team using a series of steps generally referred to as the software development life cycle . A number of models exist that differ in the number of stages defined, and in the specific activities that take place within each stage. Computer software is the following example is a generic model that should give you some idea of the steps involved in a typical software team.

Life of a generic software development cycle.

In Life of the Computer Software Development Cycle, based on same information(requirement specification document) the development & testing activity is started. Based on the requirement document developer team started working on the design & after completion on design start actual implementation and testing team starts working on test planning, test case writing, test scripting. Both activities are working parallel to each other. In Waterfall model & V-model they are quite similar to each other. As it is most popular Software Testing Life Cycle model so most of the organization is following this model.

What is Software Testing?

Computer Software testing is process used to measure the information related to quality of the product or service under test. In this process we are doing measurement of quality & typically try to find the completeness, correctness, security of product or service under test.

Program design 

In this stage, a solution to the problem is designed by defining a logical sequence of steps that will achieve each of the stated system objectives. Such a sequence of steps is often referred to as an algorithm . Some of the methods used to define program algorithms are described later in this section, and include flowcharts and pseudo-code  These tools allow the program designer to break a given problem down into a series of small tasks which the computer can perform to solve the problem. The user interface will also be designed during this stage, and will determine how input is obtained, how output is displayed, and what controls are available to the user.

Program coding

The coding program system this stage, sometimes known as the implementation stage, is where the algorithms are translated into a programming language, and tends to be the longest phase of the development life-cycle. In this case, we are using Visual Basic to write the program.

Testing and Documentation

The program of The documentation fulfills two supper target. The first is to provide a technical reference to facilitate ongoing maintenance and development of the software itself. The second is to provide user documentation, i.e. a set of instructions that inform the user news the features of the software and how to use them. The aim of software testing is to find any errors ("bugs") in the program, to eliminate those errors (a process known as "debugging"), and as far as is reasonably practicable should be sufficiently rigorous to ensure that the software will function as expected under all for see able circumstances.

Way of computer software education.

Could you take learn computer education any good institute, that cause computer education without can't his life with modern life so quickly you take computer education. Education is the process's. 

Read More

Some information of computer

Computer is the best important in modern world. Now computer used many work from man life to die computer everyday help there. And it is changed life of man. Man can earn in same time high earn, If he know computer genarly we see shop of computer song load he earn daliy take from another man. and after we see shop of mobile servicing just when give  service another man mobile and he take from him high earn and then Photo shop, and Illistrator, Windows, Internat, Fax, Vdio call, Computer Hardware Engineering

Most computer hardware engineers research, develop, design, and test various computer equipment. This can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers. Some update existing computer equipment to be more efficient and work with newer software. Most computer hardware engineers work in research laboratories and high-tech manufacturing firms.Those focusing on communications and wireless networks work advancements in communications systems and networks (especially wireless networks), modulation and error-control coding, and information theory. High-speed network design, interference suppression and modulation, design and analysis of fault-tolerant system, and storage and transmission schemes are all a part of this specialty. so we need learn computer. Technical education can be changged of your life. so you go to learn Techical Education. 

This profession involves both the principles and theories of computer science and electrical engineering. Computer engineers are very versatile because their course of study is comprised of the two areas of education. This is why these professionals never run out of work because they can simply shift from being computer engineers to computer programmers or even electrical engineers.

Read More

PC Problems

Many problems of any Computer Is Overrun with Software or Viruses

When I am New user.

When I am new user then I had very problem and I take my computer any shop of computer when there solve my computer and i have given very money, When I have complete my Hardware section after I don't see problems of my computer. Don't worry. So you would take from site any information I will try to give any information.

PC Still Boots into Windows

The Basic Guide to Troubleshooting Common Windows PC Problems

Your Windows PC might be designed to make your life easier, but they often have a non-stop list of problems. Today we'll walk through some of the more common problems and how to troubleshoot them. Running a virus scan on your PC is never a bad idea, and when you're dealing with an infected PC you're definitely going to want to start the cleaning process. Your best bet is to reboot your PC into Safe Mode—and then run your antivirus utility of choice. Has this ever happened to you? You spend hours upon hours trying to fix some problem with your PC. You search Web forums, you uninstall programs, you swap out hardware, but you can't figure out what's wrong. Finally you explain the problem to a friend or even (gasp!) a tech support representative. Inevitably, your advisory suggests that you change a simple setting, and, presto: Your machine works again.

That's often the way it goes when you're fixing tech products. It takes forever to track down a problem and then about 2 minutes to solve it. But if you know a few tricks for diagnosing difficulties with PCs, cameras, TVs, and other devices, you can shrink hours down to minutes. Tell us the symptoms, and we'll help you pinpoint the problem in this handy troubleshooting guide. We'll walk you through possible causes, from minor to moderate to dire. And--oh yeah--we'll tell you how to fix each problem, too.

• Computer completely dead?
• Computer keeps restarting and restarting...
• Faint or fuzzy screen, or blank screen?
• DVD, USB, sound not working?
• Antivirus program, (or other programs) won't install?
  This list is, of course, by no means complete, and you should always use best practices to make sure that your PC doesn't need to be reinstalled all the time, is properly secured with anti-virus and a firewall, and is properly backed up at all times—but if you're currently having problems, keep reading for a list of common problems and troubleshooting techniques.

  PC Won't Boot Into Windows

  

  
  

  
  

  Try Safe Mode First

  When your PC just won't boot into Windows at all, you'll probably want to start off with Safe Mode—use the F8 key right when the system starts up to access the menu and see if Windows will boot into Safe Mode. If you're able to get into Windows, the problem is likely something that would load only when you boot normally—graphics card drivers, junk applications, or perhaps some spyware applications.

  
  

  Even Safe Mode Doesn't Work

  
  

  If you can't even get into Safe Mode, you should use the Startup Repair tools, which can be accessed from the Advanced options in the Safe Mode menu; you can pull out your system repair disc, or your Windows installation disc and use the Repair option. If you're having abootloader problem that says "bootmgr is missing", you can use the command prompt from an installation CD and use the bootrec /fixboot command.

  
  

  Use System Restore

  System Restore in Windows XP might not have been the greatest tool, but since Windows Vista came around, it's been an excellent choice for fixing up all sorts of problems, including issues that cause your system to not boot anymore. While testing, I once deleted a bunch of files in system 32 to purposely cause a blue screen of death, and then used System Restore to get the system up and running again in minutes. If you're unfamiliar with the process, you can follow this step-by-step guide to restoring your PC with System Restore.

  
  

  Try Booting Off an Ubuntu CD

  Whenever I'm having issues with a PC not booting up properly, one of the first things I do is grab an Ubuntu Live CD and try and boot from that, and see how well the system is working. If everything is working in Linux, then you know the problem is likely just your Windows installation, and not hardware related.

  
  
  

  PC Is Running Slowly

  

  
  

  
  

  Check Task Manager

  The first thing that every geek is going to do when a computer is running slowly is open up Task Manager, or Process Explorer (if you've already got it installed) to see what process is taking up the most CPU or memory—that's generally the culprit. While you're in there, it's a good idea to look for other resource-wasting apps that we can kill.

  
  
  

  PC Crashing or Blue Screening

  
  

  When your PC is crashing with the blue screen of death at random intervals, you should make sure that you first disable the automatic reboot after the blue screen, and then write down the error message so you can Google it later. If you're able to get back into Windows, you can try using the previously mentioned Blue Screen View tool to give you some extra information about the error message, but your best bet is usually to do a search.

  
  

  If you're using Windows 7 or later and you're getting a blue screen of death, chances are very high that the problem is either driver or hardware related—contrary to legend, Windows just doesn't crash like that very much unless the problem is tied to hardware somehow.

  Once you've identified the driver causing the problem, try and head into Safe Mode and uninstall or upgrade the driver causing the problem—sometimes the driver won't be visible, so you'll need to use a command-line trick to show hidden devices in Device Manager. If you're doing a bunch of work in Safe Mode, sometimes it's helpful to force Windows to load into Safe Mode without using the F8 key every time.

  No Luck? Recover Files and Re install

  
  

  If you simply can't get anything else to work and you don't have a full backup, your best bet is to pull out an Ubuntu Live CD and back up files from your PC, and then start the process of re-installing Windows again. If you're using the native Windows backup tools, you can restore your system from an image backup, or use the standard backup and restore process.

  Uninstall Computer hardware

  
  

  Now that we've killed the application that's currently killing the CPU, it's time to start getting rid of applications that we don't need. You can use Revo Uninstaller and the PC Decrapifier to clean up applications without leaving extra traces.

  Clean Up the PC

  Cleaning up your PC is really quite easy. You can start by running Disk Cleanup, but if you really want to get the job done, grab yourself a copy of CCleaner and run through a cleaning session. While you're at it, you can set up CCleaner to run on a schedule to keep the PC clean on a regular basis.

  
  

  Scan for Viruses and Spyware

  It's a good idea to run a system scan when your PC is running slower than normal and you've already determined that it's not a runaway application. We think the free Microsoft Security Essentials app is the perfect tool for the job.

  
  

  Use the Reliability Monitor

  This under-utilized tool is an excellent way to diagnose problems and figure out what might have caused your system problems—it will show you a full history of system crashes, application problems, and even Windows Updates, so you can track down what changed on your system right before your system started running slow. Just type in reliability into the Start Menu search box, and you'll be able to see everything, and even drill down into specific errors to see more details.

  
  

  Use the Advanced Tools in Windows 7

  Windows 7 has quite a number of useful tools to troubleshoot performance problems, but they're buried in Control Panel where you might not think to look. Just head to Performance Information and Tools –> Advanced tools and you'll see a list of performance issues along with suggested fixes for the problems.

  
  

  Trim Down Startup Apps to Speed Up Boot Times

  This applies both when your PC takes forever to boot and when you've got a glut of applications running away in your system tray that you don't need; it's time to trim down your startup applications. You can use the built-in MS Config utility or any number of tweaking applications, but you might want to take a look at Soluto, which not only helps you disable startup applications, but it shows you exactly which ones are affecting your boot times the most.

  
  

  Internet Is Slow or Not Loading

  

  Pull Out the Ping Command

  If you're having problems connecting to the internet, you should first make sure that you are really connected—most of the time you can pull out a command prompt (hit the Windows key, type cmd, hit Enter) and type in a ping command like ping yahoo.com to see if you're getting any response.

  
  

  Disable and Re-Enable Your Connection

  If you're not getting a response, you can try disabling and re-enabling your wireless connection, which solves more problems than it really should. If that doesn't work, use the Windows network troubleshooter by right-clicking your wireless icon, and follow through the steps. Windows will disable and re-enable the adapter again, and wipe the DNS caches as well. If you're still having problems, there's a good chance your internet connection is just down.

  
  

  Slow Response Times

  Sometimes the problem isn't connecting to the internet, but slow response times while you're browsing—or maybe your browser is simply hanging. If you're using Internet Explorer, you canreset all your settings to fix problems; if you're using Firefox you can follow this guide to troubleshoot problems or just completely restore the default settings.

  
  

  Web Site Not Loading

  If the problem is a specific web site not loading, you can check downforeveryoneorjustme.comto see if you're the only one having the issue with the web site—or you can often do a quick search on Twitter to see if other people are complaining as well.

  
  

  Wireless Connection Dropping

  If you're having problems connecting to your wireless and staying connected, you probably need to tweak your connection. You can change your wireless channel to optimize your signal, but if you really want to make your connection better, try installing another wireless firmware orusing an old router as a repeater to boost your signal.

  
  

  Dealing with a Forgotten Password

  

  
  

  
  

  While forgetting a password might not technically be a troubleshooting problem, it's a common problem that needs to be solved. Your best best is to try and recover your passwords using free tools to crack your existing passwords.

  If you've got an Ubuntu Live CD laying around, you can use that to reset your password, or if you want a more streamlined Linux-based Live CD and you're not afraid of some command-line action, you can use the System Rescue CD to reset your Windows password in no time at all.

  Windows Explorer Is Hanging

  

  
  

  
  

  If you're having problems loading up Windows Explorer and browsing your file system, the problem is almost always a shell extension that shouldn't be installed, or some shell extensions that are conflicting with each other. For example, the shell extensions for Dropbox and TortoiseSVN tend to cause problems when you put your code into your Dropbox folder, causing hanging and generally slow file browsing.

  Your best bet is to grab a copy of ShellExView and start disabling third-party shell extensions, or uninstalling Windows Explorer plug-ins that you don't actually need. You can also use this tool in combination with ShellMenuView to clean up your messy Explorer context menu.

  PC Won't Boot

  If your PC won't even boot because of an infection, your antivirus provider might have their own boot disk that will let you clean the PC without booting into Windows, or if you have an Ubuntu Live CD laying around, you can use that to scan your PC for viruses.

Read More

Computer Hardware

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer is the most important for modern world.  Your PC (Personal Computer) is a system, consisting of many components. Some of those components, like Windows XP, and all your other programs, are software. The stuff you can actually see and touch, and would likely break if you threw it out a fifth-story window, is hardware. Not everybody has exactly the same hardware. But those of you who have a desktop system, like the example shown in Figure 1, probably have most of the components shown in that same figure. Those of you with notebook computers probably have most of the same components. Only in your case the components are all integrated into a single book-sized portable unit.

Figure 1

The system unit is the actual computer; everything else is called a peripheral device. Your computer's system unit probably has at least one floppy disk drive, and one CD or DVD drive, into which you can insert floppy disks and CDs. There's another disk drive, called the hard disk inside the system unit, as shown in Figure 2. You can't remove that disk, or even see it. But it's there. And everything that's currently "in your computer" is actually stored on that hard disk. (We know this because there is no place else inside the computer where you can store information!).

Figure 2

The floppy drive and CD drive are often referred to as drives with removable media or removable drives for short, because you can remove whatever disk is currently in the drive, and replace it with another. Your computer's hard disk can store as much information as tens of thousands of floppy disks, so don't worry about running out of space on your hard disk any time soon. As a rule, you want to store everything you create or download on your hard disk. Use the floppy disks and CDs to send copies of files through the mail, or to make backup copies of important items.

• Random Access Memory (RAM)

There's too much "stuff" on your computer's hard disk to use it all at the same time. During the average session sitting at the computer, you'll probably use only a small amount of all that's available. The stuff you're working with at any given moment is stored in random access memory (often abbreviated RAM, and often called simply "memory"). The advantage using RAM to store whatever you're working on at the moment is that RAM is very fast. Much faster than any disk. For you, "fast" translates to less time waiting and more time being productive. 

So if RAM is so fast, why not put everything in it? Why have a hard disk at all? The answer to that lies in the fact that RAM is volatile. As soon as the computer is shut off, whether intentionally or by an accidental power outage, every thing in RAM disappears, just as quickly as a light bulb goes out when the plug is pulled. So you don't want to rely on RAM to hold everything. A disk, on the other hand, holds its information whether the power is on or off.

• The Hard Disk

All of the information that's "in your computer", so to speak, is stored on your computer's hard disk. You never see that actual hard disk because it's sealed inside a special housing and needs to stay that way. Unlike RAM, which is volatile, the hard disk can hold information forever -- with or without electricity. Most modern hard disks have tens of billions of bytes of storage space on them. Which, in English, means that you can create, save, and download files for months or years without using up all the storage space it provides.

In the unlikely event that you do manage to fill up your hard disk, Windows will start showing a little message on the screen that reads "You are running low on disk space" well in advance of any problems.  In fact, if that message appears, it won't until you're down to about 800 MB of free space. And 800 MB of empty space is equal to about 600 blank floppy disks. That's still plenty of room!

• The Mouse

Obviously you know how to use your mouse, since you must have used it to get here. But let's take a look at the facts and buzzwords anyway. Your mouse probably has at least two buttons on it. The button on the left is called the primary mouse button, the button on the right is called the secondary mouse button or just the right mouse button. I'll just refer to them as the left and right mouse buttons. Many mice have a small wheel between the two mouse buttons, as illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3

The idea is to rest your hand comfortably on the mouse, with your index finger touching (but not pressing on) the left mouse button. Then, as you move the mouse, the mouse pointer (the little arrow on the screen) moves in the same direction. When moving the mouse, try to keep the buttons aimed toward the monitor -- don't "twist" the mouse as that just makes it all the harder to control the position of the mouse pointer.

If you find yourself reaching too far to get the mouse pointer where you want it to be on the screen, just pick up the mouse, move it to where it's comfortable to hold it, and place it back down on the mousepad or desk. The buzzwords that describe how you use the mouse are as follows:

• Point: To point to an item means to move the mouse pointer so that it's touching the item.
• Click: Point to the item, then tap (press and release) the left mouse button.
• Double-click: Point to the item, and tap the left mouse button twice in rapid succession - click-click as fast as you can.
• Right-click: Point to the item, then tap the mouse button on the right.
• Drag: Point to an item, then hold down the left mouse button as you move the mouse. To drop the item, release the left mouse button.
• Right-drag: Point to an item, then hold down the right mouse button as you move the mouse. To drop the item, release the right mouse button.
  
  
• The Keyboard

Like the mouse, the keyboard is a means of interacting with your computer. You really only need to use the keyboard when you're typing text. Most of the keys on the keyboard are laid out like the keys on a typewriter. But there are some special keys like Esc (Escape), Ctrl (Control), and Alt (Alternate). There are also some keys across the top of the keyboard labeled F1, F2, F3, and so forth. Those are called the function keys, and the exact role they play depends on which program you happen to be using at the moment.

Most keyboards also have a numeric keypad with the keys laid out like the keys on a typical adding machine. If you're accustomed to using an adding machine, you might want to use the numeric keypad, rather than the numbers across the top of the keyboard, to type numbers. It doesn't really matter which keys you use. The numeric keypad is just there as a convenience to people who are accustomed to adding machines.

Figure 4

Most keyboards also contain a set of navigation keys. You can use the navigation keys to move around around through text on the screen. The navigation keys won't move the mouse pointer. Only the mouse moves the mouse pointer.

On smaller keyboards where space is limited, such as on a notebook computer, the navigation keys and numeric keypad might be one in the same. There will be a Num Lock key on the keypad. When the Num Lock key is "on", the numeric keypad keys type numbers. When the Num Lock key is "off", the navigation keys come into play. The Num Lock key acts as a toggle. Which is to say, when you tap it, it switches to the opposite state. For example, if Num Lock is on, tapping that key turns it off. If Num Lock is off, tapping that key turns Num Lock on.

• Combination Keystrokes (Shortcut keys)

Those mysterious Ctrl and Alt keys are often used in combination with other keys to perform some task. We often refer to these combination keystrokes as shortcut keys, because they provide an alternative to using the mouse to select menu options in programs. Shortcut keys are always expressed as: key1+key2

where the idea is to hold down key1, tap key2, then release key1. For example, to press Ctrl+Esc hold down the Ctrl key (usually with your pinkie), tap the Esc key, then release the Ctrl key. To press Alt+F you hold down the Alt key, tap the letter F, then release the Alt key.

Read More

Computer Programmer

Computer Programmer

• Computer programmers write, or code, the programs that tell computers what to do. This is accomplished by converting the software program, designed by software engineers, into a series of instructions a computer can follow. The job is multifaceted in that it entails creating, adapting, modifying, troubleshooting and maintaining programs to ensure optimum operation of the computer in its assigned task.As a computer software engineer you will have many different job functions. The first job of a computer software engineer is to modify existing software to fix any errors or change it so that it is compatible to other hardware and improve the performance of the software. 

Software engineers will also develop system testing procedures. This can allow easier validation of software processes and changes to the programming and documentation of the programs code. Software engineers will also work in a large team of other computer professionals. They will analyze the needs of the software users and design software within these parameters. They also store and retrieve data for system requirements and capabilities. They will consult with customers to make sure that all of the software’s needs are met. They also coordinate installation and maintenance on the software systems. They collect data on costs, format, and security needs of their customers and users.The technical field is one of the most lucrative and exciting career fields to enter. If you have a knack for computer programming and love to work with computers it may be the perfect field to look into.

 A computer software engineer is a computer professional that creates, changes and develops general software applications and utility programs.Systems programmers develop systems that act as the computer's brains. Applications programmers develop systems that allow computers to do different jobs. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov), job opportunities for computer programmers were projected to decrease by three percent between 2008 and 2018. This is due to the outsourcing of jobs and to the fact that many users are now able to write their own programs. In addition, some programming functions have been automated. Programmers now often assist software engineers in a number of their duties, such as the identification of user needs and program design. The demand for programmers is highest for individuals who have good technical skills and a solid grasp of the programming needs of specific employers' businesses.

• Advancement

Because of the computer field's rapidly changing nature, programmers are advised to build on their expertise. With experience and additional courses, programmers may become lead programmers, supervisors or analysts. With more advanced degrees and specialized knowledge, programmers can advance to become full-fledged Further training, particularly in business, affords engineers the opportunity to become project managers, information officers, systems managers or independent consultants.

• Certification

Professional and academic organizations offer various certifications. Although these are usually voluntary, certification indicates a level of competence, which can work to an individual's advantage in seeking employment or advancement. Vendors and software firms commonly require individuals to complete a certification program in order to work with their product.

• Computer programming.

The Start Learning How to Write Programs course offers training through video tutorials. This course provides 17 units that cover topics in algorithm design, pointers, memory allocation, data structures, data types, program flow and binary. The Writing Basic Programs course presents training through lesson transcripts. Topics offered during this course include related mathematics, preparing to write a tic-tac-toe program, arrays, casts, multi-dimensional functions and advanced data structures. Students can also participate in quizzes at the end of every unit for both classes.

Read More